Penicillin: classification, mode of action and penicillin resistance classification of penicillin: There are four clinically important class of penicillin classified into four groups on the […]
Clinical use of penicillin antibiotics 1. Penicillin G: Penicillin G is the drug of choice in infection caused by Pneumococci, Streptococci, Meningococci, Gonococci and Staphylococci […]
Beta-lactam antibiotics: Penicillin, Cephalosporin, Monobactam, Carbapenems and Clavulanic acid β-lactam antibiotics have common b-lactam ring in their structure. Different b lactam antibiotics differ in their […]
Methyl red (MR) test: Objective: To check whether the organism follow mixed acid fermentation pathway during their metabolism or not Principle of MR test: The […]
Type IV hypersensitivity reaction or Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) Type IV hypersensitivity reaction is also known as delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH). When some subpopulation of […]
Type III hypersensitivity reaction: factors causing immune complex formation, mechanism and types The reaction of antibody with antigen generates immune complex. In most of the […]
Type II hypersensitivity reaction: Mechanism and examples Type II hypersensitivity reaction involves antibody mediated destruction of cells. It is also known as cytotoxic reaction. In […]
Type I hypersensitivity reaction: mechanism and clinical manifestation Type-I hypersensitivity reaction is an immediate type of reaction mediated by IgE. It is also known as […]
Hypersensitivity and Types of Hypersensitivity reaction Hypersensitivity: When immune system works properly, it helps in elimination or removal of antigens from host body by means […]
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC): structure, types and functions Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is the cluster of gene arranged within a long continuous stretch of DNA […]
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