Types and characteristics of antigen: Antigenicity and Immunogenicity
What is Antigen? Any substance such as proteins, carbohydrates and lipid present in bacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses are considered foreign to Human or any […]
Immunology
Immunological Tolerance: Central and Peripheral
What is immunological tolerance? When specific lymphocytes confront antigens, there are two possibilities: 1) The lymphocytes may be activated resulting to the immune responses. 2) […]
Antigen processing and presentation: Cytosolic and Endocytic pathway
Antigen processing and Antigen presentation Antigen processing is a metabolic process that digests the proteins into peptides which can be displayed on the cell membrane […]
Antibody Mediated Immunity (AMI): Activation and mechanism of antibody mediated antigen removal
Antibody mediated immune response The antibody mediated immune response is also known as humoral immunity. It is the host defense mechanism that are mediated by […]
Cell mediated immunity (CMI): Antigen Specific and Non-specific CMI
Cell Mediated immune response Cell mediated immune response (CMI) is the host defense that are mediated by Antigen specific T-cells and various non-specific cells of […]
B-cell development: Maturation, activation and differentiation
B-cell development: The development of plasma cell and memory B cells can be divided into three broad stages: Generation of mature, immunocompetent B-cells (maturation) Activation […]
T-cell maturation, activation and differentiation
T-cell maturation: The migration of progenitor T-cells from the early sites of hematopoiesis to the thymus takes place at about day 11 of gestation in […]
Transplant immunology: Types of graft, and transplant rejection
Transplantation immunology: The process of transfer of cells, tissues, or organs from one location to another with a motive of either repairing or replacing damaged […]
Immunotherapy-Types of Immunotherapy for cancer
What is immunotherapy? Immunotherapy is defined as one of the methods of treatment by inducing, enhancing, or suppressing an immune response. It is one of […]
Hematopoiesis: Types of Haematopoietic stem cells, Process and Regulation
Haematopoiesis Haematopoiesis is defined as the process of formation, development and differentiation of blood cells. The blood cells are formed from haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) […]