Level of structural organization of protein
Proteins are structurally organized into four level; primary structure, secondary structure tertiary structure and quaternary structure. 1. Primary structure of protein: Primary structure of protein […]
Virus replication; Outcomes and steps
Virus replication: Virus are the obligate intra cellular particles, they replicate inside host cell only. For a specific virus to replicate within a specific host […]
Role of nematodes in Agriculture: Importance of nematodes in soil
Nematodes in soil: Nematodes are ubiquitous, found in almost all habitats. Mostly nematodes are parasitic in nature infecting humans, animals, insects and other invertebrates. Some […]
Autoimmune Disease: Mechanism of autoimmunity, Types and examples
Autoimmune disease Autoimmune is a disorder of the body’s defense mechanism in which an immune response is generated against component or products of its own […]
Polymorphism in Coelenterata
Polymorphism: The phenomenon of occurrence of an individual in two or more distinct morphological and functional forms. It occurs in the same species of an […]
Cholesterol Biosynthesis pathway
Cholesterol Cholesterol is a steroid alcohol present in animal tissue. It is the structural component of all cell membranes and regulating fluidity. It is also […]
Monoclonal antibodies (Mabs): production by hybridoma technology, application and types
Monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) Antibodies are glycoprotein synthesized in blood against specific antigens hust to combat and give immunity. Such antibodies are heterogenous and are polyclonal […]
Interferons (IFNs): types, mode of action and effects
An introduction to Interferons Discovered by Issacs and Lindenmann in 1957. They were performing experiment on chicken cell culture and found a substance which interfered […]
Sewage treatment; Process of wastewater treatment
Wastewater treatment The purpose of waste water treatment is to remove contaminant from water so that the treated water can meet the acceptable quality standard. […]
Wastewater; Industrial effluent and domestic sewage
Wastewater There are two broad categories of waste water on the basis of their origin. They includes sewage and industrial effluent. Sewage is waste water […]