In vitro fertilization (IVF)
What is in vitro fertilization (IVF)? The term in vitro refers to outside of the body, and the term fertilization states to the condition where […]
Equipment and materials used in animal cell culture
What are the Basic equipments required for animal cell culture? There are various equipments used in animal cell culture and the basic equipments required to […]
Animal cell culture
Introduction to animal cell culture: Cell culture is the technique where cells are allowed to grow under controlled conditions, usually outside of their natural environment. Likewise, animal […]
Epigenetics and its roles in plants biotechnology
What is Epigenetics? Epigenetics is a process involving changes in the function and expression of the genes. The basis for epigenetics is changes in chromosomal […]
Plants transformation methods and applications
What is Plant transformation? Genetic transformation: The term genetic transformation is defined as the directed desirable transfer of gene from one organism to another along […]
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
Hardy-Weinberg principle of equilibrium: The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium states that both the allele frequencies and the genotype frequencies are constant from generation to generation in a […]
Genetic variation as a cause of evolution
What is genetic variation? A representation of the genetic differences that occur within a population is termed as genetic variation. The genetic variation of whole […]
Theory of evolution by Natural selection
What is evolution? Evolution is a change in the inherited traits of a population over time via the process of natural selection that might result […]
Speciation: causes, process, types and examples
What is Speciation? In evolution, speciation is the process that results in the formation of new and distinct species that are isolated from one another. […]
Neisseria gonorrhoeae: morphology, characteristics, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment
Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Neisseria gonorrhoeae; commonly termed as gonococcus (gonococci in plural). In 1879, the gonococcus was first described by Neisser in gonorrheal pus. Members of […]