Treatments of malaria

1. Antimalarial chemotherapy:

• Chloroquine, amodiaquine, chloroguanide,pyrimethamine, quinacrine hydrochloride, promaquine, proguanil and quinine
• Derivatives of artemisinin such as mefloquine and sulfonamides such as sulfadoxine is used to treat chloroquine resistant falciparum malaria

2. Supportive therapy:

• Antipyretic and cooling blanket to treat hyperthermia
• Fluid and electrolytes to maintain cardiac output, renal perfusion and prevent fluid overload
• Transfusion of blood to treat severe anaemia
• Standard anticonvulsant to treat seizures in cerebral malaria
• Parenteral glucose infusion to treat hypoglycaemia

Prevention and control of malaria:

i. Control of mosquito population

• Adult mosquitoes are controlled by spraying residual insecticides
• Mosquito larvae are controlled by spraying oils and chemicals in breading sites
• Flooding and flushing of breeding places of mosquitoes
• Elimination of breeding places such as lagoons and swamps

ii. Prevention of mosquito bite:

• Personal protection by proper use of mosquito nets while sleeping
• Wearing protective clothing that minimize contact with mosquitoes
• Use of mosquitoes repellents

iii. Chemoprophylaxis:

• Chloroquine is used to support erythrocytic infection

Treatment, prevention and control of malaria

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